четверг, 3 сентября 2020 г.

Film Review 12 Years a Slave Essay

In light of a genuine story, 12 Years a Slave portrays the excursion of a free person of color during the 1840s that is hijacked and sold into southern bondage. Beside the spellbinding story and huge acting, the authentic exactness of subjugation during this time is gut heaving. The chief, Steve McQueen, makes an exceptional showing executing the change of Solomon Northup’s life account into a real life film, yet what makes this film so enthralling? Shouldn't something be said about the film causes the crowd to build up another point of view on America’s dim past? The accompanying investigation will give some knowledge to the film and the story and investigate why this film won't just leave you in tears, yet motivation you to have a recently discovered regard for individuals that persevered through an existence of servitude. Before I hop into the meat of the conversation and offer my musings it is critical in any case an away from of the film’s story. In the initial scene we are acquainted with Solomon Northup as a slave. The film proceeds with a progression of flashbacks between his current slave life and his past life as a liberated individual. For clearness I will sum up the film in chronicled request. Solomon Northup, played by Chiwetel Ejiofor, grew up as a freeman in upstate New York. His abilities comprised of perusing and composing, and he was additionally an extremely skilled musician. Solomon was an all around regarded man among his locale and was much the same as another other family man. Spouse to Anne Hampton and father of two, Margaret and Alonzo; Solomon had the existence most slaves could never understanding. One day Solomon runs into two men who offer him an opening for work to which he acknowledges. He tells his family farewell and accepts he is making progress toward his new position. Rather they medicate Solomon, and offer him to the slave exchange. Confounded and stunned, Solomon is pushed into the detestations and cold-bloodedness of the slave exchange. Guaranteeing he was a freeman was insufficient to save his opportunity. From the second he was caught to the scene where he was sold, the film catches the merciless truth of the slave exchange and the treatment of minorities. Beside his excursion the film does an extraordinary assistance to uncovering the brutal selling strategies indicating how families were isolated; they were put onâ display, bare, for a likely purchaser to see. The entire procedure is very nauseating. Solomon is bought by Master Ford of a sugar stick planation. Solomon was profoundly prompted against mitigating his insight and education to the white men, yet conflicted with this when he uncovered himself to his lord. Passage was caring hearted and got attached to Solomon, driving Ford’s other white supervisors crazy. They set out to kill Solomon after a couple of warmed experiences, which lead to a decent 2 brief scene of Solomon dangling from a noose with his toes scratching contacting the ground. Near death, different slaves approach their day out of sight as he battles to relax. Ace Ford spares Solomon without a moment to spare however needs to auction him since he experiences caused him a lot of difficulty and needed to settle his obligation. Solomon is offered to Master Epps of a cotton ranch. Here is the place Solomon bears the most brutality and perceives how wrecking life as a slave really seems to be. He meets Patsey, a youthful individual of color who is appreciated by Master Epps. His fixation on her becomes hazardous when Epps’ spouse gets dubious. Patsey, not needing anything to do with Epps, cooperates to keep her life. Her assault and whip scene are actually one of the hardest thing to watch. Following quite a while of hellfire on the ranch, a Canadian contractual worker is recruited to take a shot at the planation. Solomon discovers trust in the man and looks for help through him. Not long after the contactor leaves, help discovers its approach to Solomon as an old companion, Mr. Parker, who demonstrates he is a freedman and salvages Solomon from subjection and returns him home to his family following 12 years. Presently with a general thought of the plot we can plunge further into the material. The motivation behind why this film will strike you unique in relation to most is on the grounds that it is all evident. It is an unforgiving reality that the vast majority in the public eye don't care to confront. Most Americans have an assumption about bondage in view of middle and secondary school history classes. Truly, we have all heard the talk that bondage was sickening and a dim time in America’s history, however regardless of how inside and out your teacher was nobody could set you up forâ physically observing those nauseating occasions. The film not just caught the battle that was this man’s life, yet additionally exhibited what different slaves endured too. Seeing the treatment of these individuals truly rallies you up, makes you truly despise the general public of that time. Seeing individuals being treated as canines, no, more terrible than hounds, objects, heats up my blood. In reality observing everything occur makes it significantly more genuine. Individuals didn't understand that torment and enduring subjection caused in our country, in any event not until this film. The acting depicted by Chiwetel Ejiofor and Lupita Nyong as Patsey, was exceptional. I really accepted their feeling and character. Ejiofor’s best scene is the point at which he is at long last rejoined with his family. You can see the development of overpowering help and bliss in his eyes and face. It was unadulterated feeling. That feeling is the thing that truly dazzles the crowd. It gets the watchers to feel alongside the characters, building up a bond between the crowd and the character. At the point when you make such a profound bond with your watchers, you make sympathy and mindfulness. This incites those assumptions of the thoughts of subjugation and makes viwers be progressively aware to the individuals who have languished and over individuals who are as yet being persecuted today.

пятница, 28 августа 2020 г.

“I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” Essay Essay

In the collection of memoirs I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, the fundamental character, Maya, and her more established sibling, Bailey, have a cozy relationship toward the start of this novel. As youngsters, they were each other’s closest companions and they were indivisible. They did everything together and they even idea they had their own language that nobody else knew. Notwithstanding, when they previously moved in with Mother Vivian, their relationship begins to self-destruct. â€Å"When spring came to St. Louis, I took out my first library card, and since Bailey and I appeared to be developing separated, I went through a large portion of my days at the library†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Angelou 76). As both of them become more established, their relationship develops increasingly removed on account of their various sexual orientations and the various exercises every one of them appreciated doing. In the life account I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, the principle character, Maya, a nd her dad have an exceptionally irritated relationship. At whatever point Maya sees her dad, she considers him to a greater degree an outsider. Towards the finish of the book, Maya’s father welcomes Maya to come visit him for the late spring. At the point when she arrives, she is stunned to see that her dad lives in a trailer with his better half who is generally Maya’s age. Maya’s father welcomes Maya to come to Mexico with him to go get goods. Maya consents to go, and her dad winds up leaving her in a pitiful bar without anyone else to escape with his other young lady. This equitable demonstrates he is an unfit parent. â€Å"How might he be able to leave in that ignoble block and go off with his lady? Did he care what befell me? Not a damn, I chose, and opened the conduits for hysteria† (Angelou 236). Maya understands that her dad doesn’t give two shoes about her and has no enthusiasm for attempting to be a dad to her. In the self-portrayal, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, the principle character, Maya, is moved all around and consistently has the sentiment of relocation, or not having a place. I can identify with Maya’s sentiments of relocation. For an incredible duration, I also have moved to a wide range of spots and schools. I was accustomed to being the new child and having no companions. I used to be reluctant to try and make companions since I realized that I wouldn’t be in that school for a lot of longer after I did. Subsequent to going to five distinct schools and living in seven unique houses, I’ve felt the sentiment of relocation commonly and like Maya, had my issues with attempting to interface with individuals. While perusing this novel, I knew how Maya felt every one of those time she didn’t feel like she had a place and all the occasions she moved. Those parts are what go to me the most on the grounds that I know how it feels to abandon theâ people you love.

суббота, 22 августа 2020 г.

Outliers by Malcom Gladwell Essay Example for Free

Anomalies by Malcom Gladwell Essay In Malcolm Gladwell’s The Outliers, he will probably persuade the peruser that â€Å"people don’t ascend from nothing† and that â€Å" we do owe something to parentage and support. † Although certain people’s achievement requires essentials of ability and information. I concur with Gladwell that it isn't exclusively a direct result of these gifts that these individuals are effective. In any case, their prosperity regularly is dependant on one’s past favorable luck. For instance, when or where one was brought up, one’s social foundation and family heritages, one’s tutoring, and numerous different components, make open doors for progress where these abilities can be used. Albeit a few people are thought to have ascended from nothing or to have gone from clothes to newfound wealth, the truth of the matter is nobody is equipped for making their own prosperity without the assistance of others and favorable circumstances en route. In this entry, a point that Gladwell calls attention to is that achievement can be made by parentage and support, shrouded favorable circumstances and openings, social foundations and family heritages. A case of the significance of one’s social foundations and family impact is how we are raised. Our folks, as our first instructors have a major job in who will become in our lives; they show us how to collaborate with others, the proper behavior in specific circumstances and how to introduce ourselves to other people. The diverse strict and social foundations of our folks, and furthermore the manner in which our folks were raised enormously affect the manner in which our folks raise us. As a parent, the adjusting of severity, pressure, giving, cherishing, aiding, and retaining, among different components can be troublesome, with the inquiry being what parity is the best to bring up a youngster. Since we are totally brought up in various manners everybody has various perspectives on the best way to bring up a youngster dependent on their insight into how they were raised. This demonstrates the manner in which we are raised can have the effect in our prosperity. A case of how parentage and support assume a job in one’s achievement is once in a while apparent in tutoring. Regular individuals get things they may not merit due to their family and who they may know. An extremely basic case of this is the utilization of heritages for induction into a college. Understudies utilize their parental heritages at schools constantly and relying upon the school this can affect the student’s admission to the school. Another methodology candidates use to help their entrance into a school is to look for somebody to compose their suggestion letter that will have the most measure of impact on the affirmations office. Another case of how â€Å"whom you know† can have the effect in one’s achievement is when searching for employments. On the off chance that your auntie, father, granddad or companion claims or works at an effective business and they assist you with finding a new line of work, some of the time directly out of school regardless of whether you aren’t as qualified as another person who needs the activity. Thusly, you are getting an open door that you wouldn’t have had in any case that could have the effect of your prosperity. Along these lines, regular occasions like utilizing inheritances to get into school, asking occupations as a result of nepitism, or in any event, getting climbed to a distinctions class in light of the fact that your mother called the school can make accomplishment for our prospects. In this extract from Malcom Gladwell’s The Outliers, Gladwell mentions that achievement requires help from others and favorable luck to excel and get fruitful. I think whether we understand it or not we are continually utilizing points of interest we need to excel in our own lives, so as to set us up for an increasingly fruitful future.

Biodiesel Business Financial Plan

l pabiodiesel monetary arrangement Start-up Expenses| Â | Land to buy| Â | Office to buy| Â | Renovation expenses| Â | Design works| $10 000 | Assembly operations| $200 000 | Placing into operation| $53 000 | Oil preparing hardware (incl. capacity and loading)| $100 000 | Seed stockpiling gear (incl. installation)| $350 000 | Glycerol cleansing gear (counting installation)| $0 000 | Tanks| $100 000 | Biodiesel creation hardware (incl. conveyance and establishment )| $250 000 | Utility network| $000 |Advertising/Promotion| $5 000 | Land leasing| $0 | Raw materials (1 quarter of operations)| $660 000 | Salaries| $353 000 | Biodiesel creation costs (synthetic concoctions, utilities, upkeep for 1 quarter) | $84 000 | Rent | $0 | Total Start-up Expenses| $000 | Â | Start-up Assets Needed| Â | Cash Balance on Starting Date| Â | Start-up Inventory| $0 | Other Current Assets| $0 | Total Current Assets| $0 | Long-term Assets| $0 | Total Assets| $0 | Total Requirements| $3 095 000 | Sal es Forecast|Sales| 2007| Â | 2008| Â | 2009| Â | 2010| Â | 2011| Â | Price per ton| Sum| Price per ton| Sum| Price per ton| Sum| Price per ton| Sum| Price per ton| Sum| Biodiesel| Â | $2 800 000 | $700 | Â | $2 800 000 | Â | $2 800 000 | $700 | $ | Glycerol| Â | $280 000 | $700 | $280 000 | $700 | $280 000 | Â | $280 000 | $0 | $280 000 | Seeds| Â | $0 | $220 | Â | $220 | $0 | Â | $0 | $220 | $0 | Press cake| $180 | $1 440 000 | $180 | $1 440 000 | $180 | $1 440 000 | $180 | $1 440 000 | $180 | $1 440 000 | Total Sales| Â | $4 520 000 | Â | $4 520 000 | Â | $4 520 000 | Â | $4 520 000 | Â | $4 520 000 | Â | Â |Direct Cost of Sales| Â | 2006| Â | 2007| Â | 2008| Â | 2009| Â | 2010| Seeds| $220 | $2 640 000 | $220 | Â | $220 | $2 640 000 | $220 | Â | Oil| $600 | $0 | $600 | $0 | $600 | $0 | $600 | $0 | 600 | $0 | Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales| Â | $2 640 000 | Â | $2 640 000 | Â | $2 640 000 | Â | $2 640 000 | Â | $2 640 000 | Sales and expenses in tons | Â | Biodiesel| Â | Glycerol| $700 | 400| $700 | 400| $700 | 400| $700 | 400| $700 | 400| Seeds from own farm| $220 | Â | $220 | Â | $220 | Â | $220 | Â | $220 | Â | Press cake| $180 | Â | $180 | 8 000| $180 | 8 000| $180 | 8 000| $180 | 8 000| Total deals, ton| Â | 12 400| Â | 12 400| Â | 12 400| Â | 12 400| Procurement of crude materials| Â | 0| Â | 0| Â | Seeds| $220 | 12 000| $220 | 12 000| $220 | Â | $220 | 12 000| $220 | 12 000| Oil| $600 | Â | $600 | Â | $600 | Â | $600 | Â | $600 | Â | Total, crude materials, ton| Â | 12 000| Â | 12 000| Â | 12 000| Personnel Plan| Daily wage| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| Director general| $100 | $24 000 | $24 000 | $24 000 | $24 000 | $24 000 | Production and obtainment director| Â | $24 000 | $24 000 | $24 000 | Â | Farm supervisor| Â | $24 000 | $24 000 | $24 000 | Â | Sales manager| Â | Controller| Â | Chief Technologist| $80 | Â | $19 200 | $19 200 | Â | Secretary| $56 | Â | $13 440 | $13 440 | Â | Op erators, creation, 5 representatives | $56 | $67 200 | $67 200 | $67 200 $67 200 | Â | Laboratory specialist, 1 worker | Â | $13 440 | $13 440 | $13 440 | $13 440 | $13 440 | Farming, 5 employee| Â | $67 200 | Â | $67 200 | $67 200 | $67 200 | Drivers, 2 employee| $56 | $26 880 | Â | $26 880 | $26 880 | $26 880 | Electrical fitter| $56 | $13 440 | Â | $13 440 | $13 440 | $13 440 | Storeman, 2 employee| $56 | $26 880 | $26 880 | $26 880 | $26 880 | $26 880 | Total Payroll| Â | $353 000 | $353 000 | $353 000 | $353 000 | $353 000 | Production headcount| Â | 5| ROI Analysis| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| Sales| $4 520 000 | $4 520 000 | $4 520 000 | $4 520 000 | $4 520 000 | Cost of Sales| Â | $3 326 000 | $3 326 000 | $3 326 000 | Gross Margin| $1 186 000 | $1 194 000 | $1 194 000 | $1 194 000 | $1 194 000 | Gross Margin %| 26. 24%| 26. 42%| 26. 42%| 26. 42%| 26. 2%| Operating Expenses| $434 667 | $101 667 | $101 667 | $101 667 | $121 667 | Operating Income| $751 333 | Â | $ 1 092 333 | $1 072 333 | Net Income| $470 283 | Â | $708 983 | $750 633 | Net Income to investor| $244 639 | $368 809 | $368 809 | Â | Current Assets| $3 029 283 | $3 804 933 | $4 339 917 | $5 115 567 | $5 137 867 | Long-term Assets| $843 333 | $776 667 | $710 000 | $643 333 | $576 667 | Long-term Liabilities| $795 000 | $795 000 | $795 000 | $795 000 | $0 | Equity| $3 077 617 | $3 786 600 | $4 254 917 | $4 963 900 | $5 714 533 | ROE| 0. 15| 0. 19| 0. 17| 0. 14| 0. 13| ROI| 0. 11| 0. 16| 0. 16| 0. 16| 0. 17| Shares offered to investor| 52. 2%| Â | Investor financing| 74. 31%| Â | Loan financing| 25. 69%| Â | Pro Forma Profit and Loss| | 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| Sales| $4 520 000 | $4 520 000 | $4 520 000 | $4 520 000 | $4 520 000 | Cost of crude materials| $2 640 000 | Â | $2 640 000 | $2 640 000 | Farm support (fuel, manure, etc)| $5 000 | $5 000 | $5 000 | $5 000 | $5 000 | Production Payroll| $353 000 | $353 000 | $353 000 | $353 000 | $353 000 | Methanol| Â | Potassi um hydroxide| $8 000 | $8 000 | $8 000 | Â | $8 000 | Utilities| $80 000 | $80 000 | $80 000 | Â | $80 000 | Equipment Maintenance| $8 000 | $0 | $0 | Â | $0 |Cost of Goods Sold| $3 334 000 | $3 326 000 | $3 326 000 | $3 326 000 | $3 326 000 | Gross Margin| $1 186 000 | $1 194 000 | $1 194 000 | $1 194 000 | $1 194 000 | Gross Margin %| 26. 24%| 26. 42%| 26. 42%| 26. 42%| 26. 42%| Other Expenses: | Â | Design works| $10 000 | $0 | Â | $0 | $0 | Renovation expenses| $100 000 | Â | $20 000 | Assembly operations| Â | $10 000 | $10 000 | $10 000 | Placing into operation| $53 000 | $5 000 | $5 000 | $5 000 | $5 000 | Advertising/Promotion| $5 000 | $20 000 | $20 000 | $20 000 | $20 000 | Depreciation (administration life 12 years)| $66 667 | $66 667 | $66 667 | $66 667 | $66 667 | Land leasing| $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | Rent| $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |Total Other expenses| $434 667 | $101 667 | $101 667 | $101 667 | $121 667 | Profit Before Interest and Taxes| $751 333 | $1 092 333 | $1 092 333 | $1 092 333 | $1 072 333 | Interest Expense| $79 500 | $79 500 | $79 500 | $79 500 | $0 | Taxes Incurred| $201 550 | $303 850 | $303 850 | $303 850 | $321 700 | Other Expense| Â | Net Profit| Â | $708 983 | $708 983 | $750 633 | Net Profit/Sales| 10. 40%| 15. 69%| 15. 69%| 15. 69%| 16. 61%| Pro Forma Cash Flow| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| Cash from Operations: | Â | Cash Sales| $3 164 000 | $3 164 000 | Â | Cash from Receivables| $1 356 000 | $1 356 000 | $1 356 000 | $1 356 000 | $1 356 000 | Subtotal Cash from Operations| Â | $4 520 000 | Additional Cash Received| Â | Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received| $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | Loan| $795 000 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |New Investment Received| $2 300 000 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | Subtotal Cash Received| $7 615 000 | $4 520 000 | $4 520 000 | $4 520 000 | $4 520 000 | Â | Expenditures| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| Expenditures from Operations:| Â | Salaries| Â | $353 000 | Payment of Accounts Payable| Â | $2 973 000 | Subto tal Spent on Operations| $3 334 000 | $3 326 000 | $3 326 000 | $3 326 000 | $3 326 000 | Â | Additional Cash Spent| Â | Sales Tax Paid Out| Â | $321 700 | Principal Repayment (loan)| Â | $795 000 | Design works| $10 000 | $0 | $0 | $0 | Â | Renovation expenses| Â | $0 | $0 | Â | Assembly operations| Â | $10 000 | $10 000 | Â |Placing into operation| $53 000 | $5 000 | $5 000 | Â | Advertising/Promotion| $5 000 | $20 000 | $20 000 | $20 000 | $20 000 | Land leasing| $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | Rent| $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | Interest Expense| $79 500 | $79 500 | $79 500 | $79 500 | $0 | Purchase Long-term Assets| Â | $0 | $0 | Subtotal Cash Spent| Â | $3 744 350 | $4 497 700 | Â | Net Cash Flow| $2 788 617 | $842 317 | $842 317 | 317 | $88 967 | Cash Balance| $2 788 617 | $3 564 267 | $4 339 917 | $5 115 567 | $5 137 867 | Annual Break-even, Tons| 961. 34| 961. 34| 961. 34| 961. 34| Assumptions:| Â | Average Per Tone Revenue| Â | $1 130. 00 | $1 130. 00 | Average Per Tone Variable Cost| $742. 00 | $742. 00 | $742. 00 | $742. 00 | Estimated Annual Fixed Cost| Â | $373 000 | $373 000 |

пятница, 21 августа 2020 г.

Law Definitions Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law Definitions Review - Essay Example The article Law Definitions Review presents the audit of such definitions as law, arrangements, rules, methodologies, and strategies. For instance, the law is a standard of direct settled and authorized by the position, enactment, or custom of a given network, state or country. Furthermore, approaches oversee the manner by which open and private assets, eg. land, work, and capital are utilized, as opposed to the sort and amounts of assets utilized. Strategies could be the plans and methodology received by the Government for accomplishing pre-decided goals for the direction of choice and activities. This could likewise be supposed to be a strategy received by the Government which sets out the parameters of its working and the consistent thinking behind seeking after objectives, goals, and plans for the accomplishment of undertakings or official capacity. Approaches contrast from laws in the extent of their operationality and adherence. While laws are enforceable compulsorily, strategi es might be contrived and utilized on a situational premise, contingent on the exigencies of the conditions and the requirement for upholding approaches. Regular instances of approaches are Children and family wellbeing strategies which may, or may not be represented by laws, The arrangements identifying with expanding charges, making a move for lessening liquor utilization among youngsters and restoration of HIV/AIDS casualties may all be administered by strategy choices taken by the administration. Rules are archives created by the administrative offices to go with the guidelines and acts.

Presidential commission ability to present ideas to enable the US to Essay

Presidential commission capacity to introduce thoughts to empower the US to viably take up arms - Essay Example The other generally unmistakable of these wars is the World War II that occurred 1939-1945. In this war, what empowered US rise the victors in their own particular manner was the air prevalence they had. US utilized plane carrying warships to bomb places including Hiroshima and Nagasaki however this made them had an upper bit of leeway over their foes whose airplane quality was uncovered negligible contrasted and that of US. Regardless of the debate encompassing the Vietnam War (1955-1975), what made the war last that more drawn out and later on helped the Vietnamese look for their freedom after the destruction was the way that the US military got a great deal of its troopers to battle the war. The expansion in military quality with a huge number of US troopers battling made the war last a couple of a larger number of years than it would have (Fredriksen, 154). Finally, US military’s solidarity to win wars exudes from the cash it places in the military activities. This is valid in the war against psychological warfare and particularly that prompted Osama to be caught. This war began in the 2001 lastly died down with the passing of the Al Qaeda pioneer and brains Osama. Trillions of dollars were utilized to subsidize this military exercise lastly this whole expense payer’s cash yielded results. There are a few things the past military wars by the US has encouraged the country and this can be utilized for future purposes so as to keep away from the gigantic misfortunes that are for the most part caused during wars including demise of troopers, loss of fight ships, spending a great deal of cash on impasses and examinations among others. One of these things is the capitalization of US military on the quality of their officers. This hence implies their warriors are their greatest resources with regards to war and thusly ought to consistently be caused to feel that. This is conceivable through rousing them and valuing their exertion and difficult work.

вторник, 9 июня 2020 г.

Veterans Day Essay

True Meaning of Veterans’ Day November 11 is celebrated as Veterans’ Day in honor of the men and women who laid their lives in war to uphold freedom for their nation. Veteran’s Day was initially called Armistice Day, which marked the end of World War I on November 11, 1918. The war ended on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of the year. It was in 1954 that President Eisenhower called it Veterans’ Day. This is a solemn occasion to remember those brave people who valued their country’s welfare more than their own. Those people had families. Most of them had spouses and children. They also had aged parents that depended on them. But despite all these obligations, they felt that freedom of their nation was most important and they did not hesitate to lay their lives down for that cause. We can learn a lot from the remarkable sacrifice that these exemplary men and women left for us to follow. We can read and study many of the World War accounts of the bravery that these soldiers exhibited in war. There are also many video and film documentaries of the World War years from which we can learn quite a lot about the things that happened during these wars. As a mark of respect, we can observe a minute of silence at 11 a.m. on November 11 every year. We can also join the Memorial Day services that are held in many towns and cities all across America. Together we can reflect on the fact that the kind of life that we enjoy today results from the sacrifice of many men and women that lived before us.